Nginx + PHP-FPM + HHVM
What the heck are you talking about?
The workshop you were waiting for
Code can be found at: bitbucket.org/javiyt/workshop_nginx
What's nginx?
- Web server
- Reverse proxy
- mail proxy server
- High performance
What's nginx?
Features
- Multiplatform
- Serve static files
- Reverse proxying with cache
- Support for FastCGI, uwsgi, SCGI and memcached
- Modular architecture
- SSL and TLS support
- Event driven architecture
What's nginx?
Features
- Fast configuration reloading
- 3xx-5xx error codes redirection
- Rewrite module using regexp
- HTTP referer validation
- Embedded Perl
- FLV and MP4 streaming
What's nginx?
Who's using it?
- Wordpress
- Github
- Airbnb
- Eventbrite
- and many more
What's nginx?
What modules are available?
- Limit Requests: Limit frequency of requests from a client
- Memcached: Memcached support
- Rewrite: Request rewriting using regular expressions
- Upstream: For load-balancing
- Image Filter: Transform images with Libgd
- Random Index: Randomize directory indexes
- SPDY: SPDY support
- Substitution: Replace text in pages
First exercise
Install and basic configuration
Install nginx and check the basic configuration parameters
sudo aptitude install nginx
user www-data;
worker_processes 4;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 768;
}
http {
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
gzip on;
gzip_disable "msie6";
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}
Second exercise
Virtual host configuration
- Create a virtual host pointing to /vagrant/www
- Configure the vhost to serve only static files
- Disable default host
- Enable your host
- Reload nginx configuration
Third exercise
404 custom page
- Create a 404 page under /vagrant/www
- Configure the vhost to serve the 404 page
- Reload nginx configuration
Fourth exercise
Configuration by location
- Create a folder called "aliastest" under /vagrant/www
- Configure the vhost to serve the aliastest when accessing test folder
- Reload nginx configuration
PHP-FPM
Lot of letters without meaning
- FPM: FastCGI Process Manager
- Enhances FastCGI
- PHP server daemon
- Specific UID/GID
PHP-FPM
Lot of letters without meaning II
- chroot
- Control number of processes
- Different PHP versions installed on same machine
- Communication via sockets
- Status checker
PHP-FPM: Why?
- Improve security
- Scales easily
- Runs on any webserver: nginx, lighttpd, cherokee, ...
- Request can be cached on the webserver side
- Each process has its own configuration
Fifth exercise
Installing PHP-FPM
sudo aptitude install php5-fpm
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; FPM Configuration ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;include=/etc/php5/fpm/*.conf
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Global Options ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
[global]
pid = /var/run/php5-fpm.pid
error_log = /var/log/php5-fpm.log
syslog.facility = daemon
log_level = debug
process.max = 128
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Pool Definitions ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
include=/etc/php5/fpm/pool.d/*.conf
Sixth exercise
Configuring a pool
- Edit /etc/php5/fpm/pool.d/www.conf
-
Set configuration for the pool:
- to run on port 9001
- to allow access only for localhost
- chroot to /vagrant/www
- set some environment variables
Sixth exercise
Configuring a pool (Solution)
[www]
user = www-data
group = www-data
listen = 127.0.0.1:9001
listen.allowed_clients = 127.0.0.1
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 5
pm.start_servers = 1
pm.min_spare_servers = 1
pm.max_spare_servers = 1
pm.process_idle_timeout = 10s;
pm.max_requests = 500
pm.status_path = /fpm-status
access.log = /var/log/php-fpm/$pool.access.log
slowlog = /var/log/php-fpm/$pool.log.slow
request_slowlog_timeout = 10s;
chroot = /vagrant/www/
chdir = /
catch_workers_output = yes
security.limit_extensions = .php
env[HOSTNAME] = $HOSTNAME
env[PATH] = /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
env[TMP] = /tmp
env[TMPDIR] = /tmp
env[TEMP] = /tmp
env[PHP_ENVIRONMENT] = 'development'
php_flag[display_errors] = off
php_admin_value[memory_limit] = 32M
php_admin_value[error_log] = /var/log/php-fpm/$pool.error.log
/etc/init.d/php5-fpm restart
mkdir /var/log/php-fpm/
Seventh exercise
Configuring nginx to use PHP
- Edit vagrant host
- Add the location to connect to the pool when accessing a PHP file
Seventh exercise
Configuring nginx to use PHP (Solution)
server {
listen 80 default_server;
listen [::]:80 default_server ipv6only=on;
root /vagrant/www;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
error_page 404 /404.html;
server_name localhost;
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
}
location /test {
alias /vagrant/www/aliastest/;
}
location ~ php/.*\.php$ {
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9001;
include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;
}
}
http://localhost:8080/php/info.php
Eighth exercise
Configuring nginx to access PHP-FPM status page
- Edit vagrant host
- Add the location to connect to the status page of the desired pool
Eighth exercise
Configuring nginx to access PHP-FPM status page (Solution)
location ~ ^/fpm-status$ {
access_log off;
include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9001;
}
http://localhost:8080/fpm-status
Ninth exercise
Configuring nginx to load balancing PHP-FPM
- Create a pool identical to the one existing running on port 9002
- Create an environment variable to identify the pools
- Add upstream configuration to access two different pools
Ninth exercise
Configuring nginx to load balancing PHP-FPM (Solution)
upstream cluster_php {
server 127.0.0.1:9001;
server 127.0.0.1:9002;
}
location ~ php/.*\.php$ {
try_files $uri =404;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_pass cluster_php;
include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;
}
http://localhost:8080/php/info.php
HHVM
The virtual machine for PHP
- Virtual machine based on JIT compilation
- Run PHP 5.4+ or Hack code
- Developed by Facebook
- Can be use with FCGI-enabled webserver
HHVM
HipHop features
- Available for *nix systems (Linux/OS X) Windows support in development
- Extension for major databases connection available
- Extensions can be written using PHP/C++ or both
Tenth exercise
Installing HHVM
Follow the instructions you can find on HHVM wiki page
wget -O - http://dl.hhvm.com/conf/hhvm.gpg.key | sudo apt-key add -
echo deb http://dl.hhvm.com/ubuntu trusty main | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/hhvm.list
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -y install hhvm
sudo /usr/share/hhvm/install_fastcgi.sh
sudo /etc/init.d/hhvm restart
Eleventh exercise
Configuring HHVM
- Create a new folder hhvm in /vagrant/www
- Add a PHP file inside it
- Configure in your virtual host the access to that folder using the HHVM server
Eleventh exercise
Configuring HHVM (Solution)
location ~ hhvm/.*\.(hh|php)$ {
fastcgi_keep_conn on;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
sudo /usr/share/hhvm/install_fastcgi.sh
sudo /etc/init.d/hhvm restart
sudo /etc/init.d/nginx restart
Bonus Exercise
Image filter configuration
- Configure a location to resize images on fly
- The URL should be something like (width)/(height)/(image file)
- Check image filter documentation for more information
- Image quality should be set to 75
Bonus Exercise
Image filter configuration (Solution)
location ~ img/(?<width>[0-9]+)/(?<height>[0-9]+)/(?<filename>.*) {
alias /vagrant/www/$filename;
image_filter resize $width $height;
image_filter_jpeg_quality 75;
}